Urbanization and Migration: Difficulties with Social Integration in Megacities

Abstract

Urbanization and migration are central forces shaping the demographic and spatial structure of modern megacities. As populations surge due to rural-to-urban migration and international inflows, megacities face complex challenges in ensuring effective social integration. This paper explores the multifaceted difficulties migrants encounter when assimilating into urban environments, including socio-economic disparities, cultural dislocation, housing shortages, and limited access to essential services such as education, healthcare, and employment. The study highlights how rapid urban expansion often outpaces infrastructure development and policy adaptation, resulting in social fragmentation and the marginalization of migrant communities. Through case studies and comparative analysis, the research examines the roles of local governance, urban planning, and community initiatives in mitigating integration barriers. Ultimately, the paper calls for inclusive urban policies that recognize diversity, promote equity, and foster social cohesion as critical components of sustainable urban development in the age of megacities.