Inequality of Gender in South Asian Higher Education Access

Abstract

Gender inequality in higher education remains a significant barrier to social and economic development in South Asia. Despite progress in expanding educational opportunities, women in countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka continue to face systemic obstacles that hinder their access to and participation in higher education. This paper examines the root causes and current manifestations of gender disparity in the region, analyzing factors such as socio-cultural norms, economic constraints, institutional biases, and policy shortcomings. The study draws on regional data, case studies, and comparative analyses to highlight the persistent gender gaps in enrollment, retention, and academic achievement. It also explores the impact of family expectations, early marriage, gender-based violence, and limited mobility on women's educational trajectories. While some South Asian nations have implemented policies to promote gender equity, their effectiveness remains uneven. The abstract concludes by emphasizing the need for holistic, culturally sensitive interventions that address both structural and societal barriers to create a more inclusive and equitable higher education system in South Asia.